INFLAMMATION Terminology

                                                      INFLAMMATION TERMINOLOGY

INFLAMMATION: (G, to inflame means to set on fire). Different author shave propoded differentdefinitions as under,

 ·                       Literarily it meansburning on fire.

·                       Itis defined as local reactionof the leaving tissue to an irritantor injury (Jonesand Hunt, 1983).

·                       It is the reactive process,which begins fallowing a sub-lethal injury to tissueand

ends with complete healing. Where healing is the end result of this dynamic process and not a distinct entityitself- definition proposedby Ebert (Sastry,1983).

·                       It is the complicated vascular and cellular reactions of an individual to an irritant (Russel et al.,).

·                       According to Vegad (1995) inflammation is defined as the reactionof the vascularized living tissue to local injury. Further,it is essentially the reactionof the microcirculation (small arterioles, capillaries, and venules)and its contents.

IMPORTANT POINTS:

·                     Inflammation is a fundamental processfor the survival of the organism/ animals.

·                     Itserves to destroy,dilute or isolatethe injurious agent and repair the damagedtissues, and is basically a protective response.

·                     Without it there could be neitherprotection against the effects of noxious externalstimuli (irritant) nor repair of damaged tissue.

·                     Itis a beneficial process, howeverat times it may wanderaway from its beneficial part and may become considerably more harmful to the body than the noxious stimuli, which initiated the reaction- in allergic and rheumatic diseases.

OBJECTIVES OF INFLAMMATION: It has two important phasesor objectives,

·                     Todestroy, dilute or isolate and remove the irritant-thus preventing additional injury to tissue and spread of irritant to other organs and

·                     To repair the damaged tissue and restore the body to normal (near to normal) structure and function.

CLASSIFICATION OF INFLAMMATION: Inflammation can be classified in to different typesas under,

1)  On the basis of nature of irritant - Acute (sever)and chronic (mild).

2)   On the basis of duration of inflammation (course of inflammation) - per-acute / acute/ sub-acute and chronic.

3)    Based on aetiological agent responsible for it- allergic/viral/ bacterial/ rickettesial/ granulomatous/ fungal and parasitic.

4)    Acute inflammations are further classified into different types based on the principal constituent of exudates - Serous/ mucous or catarrhal/ fibrinous/ suppurative or purulent/ haemorrhagic and gangrenous.

 

TERMS USED FOR INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT BODY PARTS OF THE ANIMALS

 

Sr. No.	Name of the organ	Term for its inflammation
I.CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:
1	Brain (of nervous tissue and vessel wall)	Encephalitis
2	Spinal cord	Myelitis
3	Brain and spinal cord	Encephalomyelitis
4	Choroid plexus	Choroiditis
5	Meninges	Meningitis
6	Meninges of spinal cord	Spinal meningitis
7	When pia arachonoid involved	Leptomeningitis
8	When Dura arachonoid involved	Pachymeningitis
9	Nerve	Neuritis

 

10	Ependyma	Ependymitis
II. MUSCULO SKELETAL SYSTEM
a) Bone and related structures
1	Bone / part of bone	Osteitis
2	When begining with periosteum	Periosteitis
3	Bone marrow	Osteomyelitis
4	Joint	Arthritis
5	Bursa	Bursitis
6	Bone and joint	Osteoarthritis
7	Synovial space / sheath	Synovitis
8	Tendon	Tendonitis
9	Tendon and its sheath	Tendovaginitis
10	Bone morrow	Osteomyelitis
11	Vertebrae	Spondylitis
12	Hip joint	Coxitis
13	Stifle joint	Gonitis
14	Periosteum of metacarpal and metatarsal region	Sore shins
15	Sessamoids	Sesamoiditis
16	Inner aspect of left tibia	Track leg
17	Sinus of leg joint	Sinuvitis
18	Inflammation of bursa between ligamentum nuchae and atlas and axis	Polevil
19	Inflammation between ligamentum nuchae and the thoracic spines	Fistulus withers
20	Bursitis and arthritis involving distal sessemoid or navicular bone	Navicular disease
21	Sensitive laminae of hoof	Laminitis (founder)
b) Muscles
1	Muscle	Myositis
III. SENSORY ORGANS
a) Eye and allied structures
1	Eye	Opthalmitis

 

2	Cornea	Keratitis
3	Uvea (vascular tunic)	Uveitis
4	Iris and ciliary body	Anterior uveitis / Iridocyclitis
5	Ciliary body and chorid	Posterior uveitis
6	Diffuse uveitis	Panuveitis
7	Choroids and retina	Chorioretinitis
8	Uveary retina and ocular cavities	Endoophthalmitis
9	All ocular structure and sclera	Panophthalmitis
10	Retina	Retinitis
11	Eyelids	Blephritis
12	Conjunctiva (covering mucosa of the eye including the orbit and inner surface of eyelid)	Conjunctivitis
13	Cornea and conjunctiva (layers below conjunctiva)cs	Kerato conjunctivitis
14	Orbit	Orbital cellulitis
15	Lacrimal sac	Dacryocystitis
16	Lacrimal gland	Dacryoadenitis
17	Optic nerve	Optic neuritis
18	Sclera	Scleritis
19	Purulent orbital inflammation	Orbital cellulitis
b) Ear
1	Inner ear	Otitis interna
2	Middle ear	Otitis media
3	External ear	Otitis externa
c) Skin and appendages
1	Adipose tissue	Stealitis
2	Dermis and epidermis	Dermatitis
3	Subcutaneous tissue (suppurative infla.)	Cellulitis
4	Hair follicles	Folliculitis
5	Vessels	Vasculitis
6	Follicules	Folliculitis / panniculitis
7	Muscle and skin	Dermatomyositis
IV. ALIMENTRY SYSTEM

 

1	Mouth / oral cavity (mucosa)	Stomatitis
2	Teeth	Odontitis
3	Dental pulp	Pulpitis
4	Gum	Gingivitis
5	Lips	Chielitis
6	Periodontium	Periodontitis
7	Tongue	Glossitis
8	Parotid gland (salivary gland)	Parotiditis
9	Any of the salivary gland	Parotitis
10	Pharynx	Pharyngitis
11	Tonsil	Tonsillitis
12	Both palates	Palatitis
13	Soft palate	Angina
14	Hard palate	Lampas
15	Salivary gland	Sialoadenitis
16	Oesophagus	Oesophagitis
17	Crop (bird)	Ingluvitis
18	Peritoneum	Peritonitis
19	Omental bursa	Omental bursitis
20	Rumen	Rumenitis
21	Reticulum	Reticulitis
22	Omasum	Omasitis
23	Stomach (monogastric stomach)	Gastritis
24	Abomasum (ruminant stomach)	Abomasitis
25	Intestine	Enteritis
26	Both stomach and intestine	Gastro enteritis
27	Duodenum	Duodenitis
28	Jejunum	Jejunitis
29	Ileum	Ileitis
30	Caecum	Typhilitis
31	Colon	Colitis
32	Rectum	Proctitis

 

33	Anus	Anitis
34	Liver	Hepatitis
35	Cronic inflmation of liver	Cirrhosis
36	Gall bladder	Cholecystitis
37	Bile duct	Cholangitis
38	Cholangioles	Cholongiolitis
39	Pancreas	Pancreatitis
40	Retroperitonium	Retroperitonitis
V. URINARY SYSTEM
1	Kidney	Nephritis
2	Kidney and pelvis	Pyelonephritis
3	Ureter	Ureteritis
4	Urinary bladder	Cystitis
5	Urethra	Urethritis
6	Pelvis	Pyelitis
VI. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1	Pleura	Pleuritis / pleurisy
2	Air sac	Air saculitis
3	Nose / nasal cavity	Rhinitis / coryza
4	Sinuses	Sinusitis
5	Larynx	Laryngitis
6	Trachea	Tracheitis
7	Bronchi	Bronchitis
8	Bronchioles	Bronchiolitis
9	Lung / alveoli	Pneumonia / pneumonitis
10	Pleura and lung	Pleuropneumonia
VII. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1	Ovary	Oophoritis /Ovaritis
2	Ovarian capsule	Perioophoritis
3	Bursa (ovarian)	Bursitis
4	Oviduct	Salpingitis
5	Uterus	Metritis

 

6	Perimetrium (serosa)	Perimetritis
7	Perimetrium along with broad ligament	parametritis
8	Endometrium	Endometritis
9	whole thickness of uterine wall	metritis
10	Cervix	Cervicitis
11	Vagina	Vaginitis
12	Vulva	Vulvitis
13	Mammary gland	Mastitis / mammitis
14	Nipples	Thelitis
15	Testes	Orchitis
16	Epididymis	Epididymitis
17	Seminal vesicles	Seminal vesiculitis
18	Spermatic cord	Funiculitis
20	Prepuce	Posthitis
21	Glans penis	Balanitis
22	Prepuce and glans penis	Balanoposthitis
Endocrine glands
1	Thyroid	Thyroiditis
VIII. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1	Pericardium	Pericarditis
2	Epicardium	Epicarditis
3	Myocardium	Myocarditis
4	Endocardium	Endocarditis
5	Valves	Valvulitis
6	Aorta	Aortitis
7	Artery	Arteritis
8	Vein	Phlebitis
9	Umbilical vein (only distal part or may extend from the umbilicus to the liver)	Omphalo- phlebitis
10	External aspects of umbilicus	Omphalitis
11	Umbilical artery (less common)	omphaloarteritis
12	Lymph vessel	Lymphangitis

 

13	Lymph gland	Lymphadenitis
14	Spleen	Splenitis